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Ndufs1 belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family. Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It locates at the mitochondrial inner membrane. Ndufs1 has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This protein is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form p

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also designated seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors and heptahelical receptors, are a protein family which interact with G proteins (heterotrimeric GTPases) to synthesize intracellular second messengers such as diacylglycerol, cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates and calcium ions. Their diverse biological functions range from vision and olfaction to neuronal and endocrine signaling and are involved in many pathological conditions. The GPCR family represents

Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc

Extracellular proteases mediate the digestion of neighboring extracellular matrix components in initial tumor growth, allow desquamation of tumor cells into the surrounding environment, provide the basis for invasion of basement membranes in targeted metastatic organs and are required for release and activation of many growth and angiogenic factors (1,2). The TMPRSS2 gene encodes a 492 amino acid multimeric serine protease, which is mainly expressed in the mouse prostate and kidney, and is

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and the widespread development of distinctive tumors termed hamartomas. Two different genetic loci have been linked to TSC; one of these loci, the tuberous sclerosis-2 gene (TSC2), encodes a protein called tuberin and the other loci, tuberous sclerosis-1 gene (TSC1), encodes a protein called hamartin. Tuberin and hamartin interact with each other forming a cystoplasmic complex. Hama