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Cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes.

Induces apoptosis. Interacts with viral and cellular anti-apoptosis proteins. Can overcome the suppressors BCL-2 and BCL-XL, although high levels of BCL-XL expression will inhibit apoptosis. May function as a tumor suppressor. Inhibits apoptosis induced by BNIP3.

May act as a glucose transporter in neurons; may mediate increasd glucose uptake in response to neuronal injury. Glucose is fundamental to the metabolism of mammalian cells. Several glucose transporter protein (Glut) isoforms have been identified and shown to function in response to insulin and IGF1 induced signaling. GLUT3 is detectable in a few normal cell type spermatids in testis with active spermatogenesis, placental trophoblast membranes, and neurons in brain. GLUT3 staining is also de

May be implicated in the differentiation of cortical neurons and may play a role in cholesterol homeostasis.

Involucrin, a component of the keratinocyte crosslinked envelope, is found in the cytoplasm and crosslinked to membrane proteins by transglutaminase. This gene is mapped to 1q21, among calpactin I light chain, trichohyalin, profillaggrin, loricrin, and calcyclin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Clathrin is a major protein component of the cytoplasmic face of intracellular organelles, called coated vesicles and coated pits. These specialized organelles are involved in the intracellular trafficking of receptors and endocytosis of a variety of macromolecules. The basic subunit of the clathrin coat is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].